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short unix commandlines

useful options to some commands

1   command table

2009-6-19 wiki list: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unix_utilities

2009-11-6 20 Linux System Monitoring Tools http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html

Table 1 unix commands
command description more date_created
astyle indentation and reformatting filters for C, C++, Java, beautify code   2006-09-12
chfn change real user name and information   2008-02-27
chsh change the default shell, need some time to take effect    
deborphan find orphaned libraries(packages)   2006-09-06
fuser -vc filename identify/kill processes using files or sockets   2008-10-01
getent get entries from administrative database getent passwd yuhuang  
iostat Report Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices and partitions.   2007-07-19
latex2html convert a latex file to a single html file. 'latex2html -split=0 log_05.tex'    
lsof list open files   2007-07-19
nm list symbols from object files   2007-07-19
nmap Network exploration tool and security / port scanner nmap google.com 2008-07-23
pidstat Report statistics for Linux tasks I/O; page faults; memory usage; threads; CPU; task-switching 2009-5-17
psmerge merge multiple ps files into one file psmerge q2.ps q4.ps > q2_4.ps 2006-11-08
texify Beautify source code for use with LaTeX   2006-09-12
vmstat display memory/cpu info   2008-10-01
watch execute a program periodically showing output fullscreen 2008-02-27
yum list list packages on redhat system   2006-10-05

2   2008-10-03 handy rpm commands (redhat)

from http://susefaq.sourceforge.net/articles/rpm.html

To query a package that has NOT been installed yet, add the -p option to the command.

Table 2 handy rpm commands
command description more date_created
rpm -ivh package install a package (i=install v=verbose h=show hash marks)   2008-10-03
rpm -e package uninstall (erase) a package    
rpm -Uvh package upgrade a package    
rpm -Uvh --test package test a package to see how it would install (without installing) also checks dependencies  
rpm -Vvv package verify a package (extra verbose output)    
rpm -Va verify ALL installed packages on the system    
rpm -K package verify the cryptographic signature of a package    
rpm -qpl package rpm -ql package "for uninstalled package"    
rpm -qa | grep pattern find out the package names using wildcards    
rpm -ql package What files are included in the the package    
rpm -qi package To show general info on a package    
rpm -qf path/to/file What package owns this file?    
rpm -qc package What are the config files in a package?    
rpm -qd package What are the documentation files in a package?    
rpm -q --scripts package What are the scripts in a package?    
rpm -q --provides package What services does this package provide?    
rpm -q --requires package What services does this package require?    

3   2008-10-13 handy deb commands (debian)

Table 3 handy deb commands
command description more date_created
dpkg -S filename Search for a filename from installed packages find out which package owns a file  
dpkg -L package-name List files installed to your system from package-name    
dpkg -s package-name Report status of specified package installed packages ONLY  
dpkg -l package-name-pattern List packages matching given pattern installed packages ONLY  
aptitude search package-name-pattern Searches for packages matching one of the patterns supplied on the command line    
aptitude show package-name Displays detailed information about one or more packages    
aptitude why package-name Explains the reason that a particular package can or cannot be installed on the system    
aptitude markauto/unmarkauto package-name/pattern Mark packages as automatically/manually installed this can't fake dependency.  

4   scp(2006-09-07)

scp asks user whether to accept the connection every time it encounters a new host. 'hpc-cmb' is different from 'hpc-cmb.usc.edu' even though they have the same ip address. I guess it's based on hostname+ip. Be careful in those scheduled jobs(non-interactive).

5   ps (2007-01-25)

display precise starting time of a process (-o lstart):

ps -o suser,pid,ppid,pcpu,pmem,stime,lstart,time,tty,args -e

2008-02-228 common syntax for linux. -e=-A=all proceses. -f=does full-format listing. OT=Sorting order by start time:

ps -ef OT

2008-02-28 common syntax for MacOS/FreeBSD. -A=information about other users' processes including those without controlling terminals. -j=extra info. -o=Display info of certain field(start time in this case):

ps -Aj -o start

6   convert (2007-01-25)

picture file format conversion:

convert figures/id_96140.png figures/id_96140.jpg

7   schedule an email (2007-03-06)

The email is scheduled to sent to someboday@gmail.com at 6pm on Mar 13th 2007:

at 6pm  031307
mail -s "Subject" somebody@gmail.com

9   dos2unix, unix2dos (2007-05-15)

install tofrodos debian package

http://www.vim.org/tips/tip.php?tip_id=26 vi command to change '^M' to carriage return in unix, 1st \r refers to ^M. 2nd \r refers to unix carriage return:

:s/\r/\r/g

10   pdftk (2007-11-29)

Merge/concatenate PDF Documents, Split PDF Pages into a New Document, Rotate PDF Documents or Pages

11   ssh-keygen (2008-02-24)

ssh-keygen generates, manages and converts authentication keys for ssh. Example:

ssh-keygen -t dsa

12   2008-04-07 sound

record sound by commandline:

sound-recorder /tmp/test.wmv

play the recorded file:

play-sample /tmp/test.wmv

Another command pair from sox also works:

rec /tmp/test.wmv
play /tmp/test.wmv

12.1   alsamixer

change the volume, etc by commandline.

13   2008-04-07 iconv -- convert encoding

Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another

To get a list of known coded character sets:

iconv -l

Several different ways of running iconv:

iconv -f ASCII -t UTF8 <zhoudb_graphdb > zhoudb_graphdb_UTF8
iconv -f ASCII -t UTF8 zhoudb_graphdb -o zhoudb_graphdb_UTF8

14   Filesystem

14.1   2008-05-05 sshfs SSH Filesystem

http://fuse.sourceforge.net/sshfs.html

to mount a filesystem, set file owner to user 1000. the user who's executing this command has to be added to group fuse:

sshfs -o uid=1000 somebody@hostname:./dir mountpoint

to unmount the filesystem:

fusermount -u mountpoint

2008-09-09 to allow a common user to access /dev/fuse in order to use sshfs, edit /etc/group and add that username to group fuse.

14.2   2008-05-29 davfs for plone

  • install package davfs2
  • modify zope.conf, open the section <webdav-source-server>.
  • commands:

mount -t davfs -o uid=jeffrey,gid=jeffrey,dir_mode=775 https://localhost/webdav /mnt/webdav_banyan/ shows nothing because apache webdav rewrite wasn't setup correctly.

15   2008-05-06 show listing of last logged in users

last or lastb (show all bad login attempts)

16   2008-05-06 Darwin (Mac FreeBSD)

16.1   2008-05-06 check kernel information

dmesg requires root permission.

sysctl is better. cpu, memory, net:

sysctl -a | less

16.2   2008-05-06 check running tasks

top in FreeBSD is very cumbersome. To sort the display on certain things, press o and type for example cpu. or

top -ocpu

17   2008-05-16 convex hull/viewer

package qhull http://www.qhull.org/
Qhull computes the convex hull, Delaunay triangulation, Voronoi diagram, halfspace intersection about a point, furthest-site Delaunay triangulation, and furthest-site Voronoi diagram. The software runs in 2-d, 3-d, 4-d, and higher dimensions. Qhull implements the Quickhull algorithm for computing the convex hull. It handles roundoff errors from floating point arithmetic. Qhull also computes volumes, surface areas, and approximations to the convex hull.

Qhull does not support constrained Delaunay triangulations, triangulation of non-convex surfaces, mesh generation of non-convex objects, or medium-sized inputs in 9-D and higher.

Geomview http://www.geomview.org/
for 3-D and 4-D visualization of Qhull output

18   2008-12-10 commands to restart daemons on MacOSX

18.2   SystemStarter

http://www.macosxhints.com/article.php?story=20021003061516722

Apple provides a program called SystemStarter which is used to start and stop scripts in the /System -> Library -> StartupItems and /Library -> StartupItems folders. You can use it to restart services like so:

% sudo SystemStarter restart NetInfo

Or if you've just installed GimpPrint and need to restart CUPS for it to find your printer:

% sudo SystemStarter restart PrintingServices

The one caveat is that all the start, stop, and restart options do is pass this argument to the various scripts. If the script doesn't respond to that argument, nothing happens. An example is AppServices, which controls coreservicesd. Sending stop or restart to this script has no effect.

Type man SystemStarter and browse through the various scripts to learn more about the program and the scripts.
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